HMS C16 was a C class submarine built by Vickers at Barrow-in-Furness. She was laid down on 14 December 1906 and commissioned in June 1908.

C16 (Lieutenant H Boase) was sunk after being rammed at periscope depth by the destroyer HMS MELAMPUS off Harwich on 16 April 1917. The boat bottomed out at a depth of 60 feet. The First Lieutenant, Lt S Anderson, was fired through a torpedo tube in an attempt to escape with a message for the rescuers, but unfortunately drowned. The captain tried to flood the boat in an effort to escape through the fore hatch, but the fender jammed the hatch, and the crew was trapped. The escape attempts were recorded by the commanding officer and were found corked in a bottle lying near him when the hull was salvaged. All hands onboard C16 died.

C16 was salvaged and recommissioned and finally sold for scrap on 12 August 1922.